Civil engineering is one of the oldest and most fundamental branches of engineering that deals with designing, constructing, and maintaining the built environment. To excel in this field, one must have a strong foundation in the basics of civil engineering. This is where the book “Civil Engineering (Conventional & Objective Type)” by RS Khurmi and JK Gupta comes in handy.
This comprehensive textbook covers all the essential concepts of civil engineering and is an excellent resource for students, professionals, and anyone interested in the field. The book is divided into two parts, the conventional type, which covers the theoretical concepts, and the objective type, which includes multiple-choice questions to test the reader’s understanding of the subject.
[For the Students of UPSC (Engg. Services); IAS (Engg. Group); SSC-JE; B. Tech/B.E. / B.Sc. Engg.; Diploma and other Competitive Exams]
The authors have used simple language and included plenty of illustrations and diagrams to make the book easy to comprehend. Whether you’re preparing for competitive exams or looking to refresh your knowledge of civil engineering, this book is a must-have.
“Civil Engineering: Conventional and Objective Type” has been a trusted resource for more than 30 years. It offers a comprehensive text accompanied by a collection of multiple-choice questions, which makes it an ideal study material for aspirants of various competitive examinations, such as GATE, UPSC, IAS, IES, and SSC-JE, among others. Additionally, it’s also useful for students preparing for university examinations.
The latest edition has 17 chapters that cover all the essential concepts of Civil Engineering in a detailed and simplified manner. The questions in the book are well-curated from reliable sources to give students an idea of how the questions are structured and what type of questions to expect on the exam day.
Book Details:-
Book Name:
Civil Engineering (Conventional & Objective Type) book
1.7 Varignon’s Principle of Moments (or Law of Moments)
1.8 Parallel Forces
1.9 Couple
1.10 Centre of Gravity
1.11 Moment of Inertia
1.12 Friction
1.13 Limiting Friction
1.14 Laws of Static Friction
1.15 Laws of Dynamic or Kinetic Friction
1.16 Coefficient of Friction
1.17 Limiting Angle of Friction
1.18 Angle of Repose
1.19 Minimum Force Required to Slide a Body on a Rough Horizontal Plane
1.20 Effort Required to Move the Body Up an Inclined Plane
1.21 Effort Required to Move the Body Down an Inclined Plane
1.22 Efficiency of an Inclined Plane
1.23 Screw Jack
1.24 Lifting Machine
1.25 Systems of Pulleys
1.26 Velocity Ratio of Lifting Machines
1.27 Frame
1.28 Speed
1.29 Velocity
1.30 Acceleration
1.31 Equations of Linear Motion
1.32 Newton’s Laws of Motion
1.33 Mass, Weight and Momentum
1.34 D-Alembert’s Principle
1.35 Motion of a Lift
1.36 Motion of Two Bodies Connected by a String
1.37 Projectile
1.38 Equation of the Path of a Projectile
1.39 Angular Displacement
1.40 Angular Velocity
1.41 Angular Acceleration
1.42 Equations of Angular Motion
1.43 Simple Harmonic Motion
1.44 Velocity and Acceleration of a Particle Moving with Simple Harmonic Motion
1.45 Simple Pendulum
1.46 Closely Coiled Helical Spring
1.47 Compound Pendulum
1.48 Centre of Percussion
1.49 Torsional Pendulum
1.50 Centripetal and Centrifugal Force
1.51 Superelevation
1.52 Collision of Two Bodies
1.53 Work
1.54 Power
1.55 Energy OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
II: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Stress
2.3 Strain
2.4 Tensile Stress and Strain
2.5 Compressive Stress and Strain
2.6 Elasticity and Elastic Limit
2.7 Young’s Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity
2.8 Deformation of a Body under an External Force
2.9 Shear Stress and Strain
2.10 Shear Modulus or Modulus of Rigidity
2.11 Stress in a Bar due to its Own Weight
2.12 Stresses in Bars of Varying Sections
2.13 Stresses in Bars of Uniformly Tapering Circular Section
2.14 Stresses in Composite Bars
2.15 Stresses due to Change in Temperature — Thermal Stresses
2.16 Thermal Stresses in Bars of Tapering Section
2.17 Primary or Linear Strain
2.18 Secondary or Lateral Strain
2.19 Poisson’s Ratio
2.20 Volumetric Strain
2.21 Bulk Modulus
2.22 Bearing Stress or Crushing Stress
2.23 Principal Stresses and Strains
2.24 Stress on an Oblique Section of a Body Subjected to Direct Stresses in One Plane
2.25 Stresses on an Oblique Section of a Body Subjected to Direct Stresses in Two Mutually Perpendicular Directions
2.26 Stresses on an Oblique Section of a Body in One Plane Accompanied by a Simple Shear Stress
2.27 Stresses on an Oblique Section of a Body Subjected to Direct Stresses in Two Mutually Perpendicular Directions Accompanied by a Simple Shear Stress
2.28 Mohr’s Circle of Stresses
2.29 Resilience
2.30 Stress Induced in a Body Under Different Modes of Loading
2.31 Types of Beams
2.32 Types of Loading
2.33 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams
2.34 Assumptions in Theory of Bending
2.35 Bending Equation for Beams in Simple Bending
2.36 Beams of Uniform Strength
2.37 Beams of Composite Section (Flitched Beams)
2.38 Shear Stresses in Beams
2.39 Deflection of Beams
2.40 Shear Stress in Shafts
2.41 Strain Energy due to Torsion
2.42 Shaft Subjected to Combined Bending and Torsion
2.43 Springs
2.44 Stiffness of a Spring
2.45 Carriage Spring or Leaf Springs
2.46 Closely Coiled Helical Springs
2.47 Springs in Series and Parallel
2.48 Riveted Joints
2.49 Important Terms Used in Riveted Joints
2.50 Failures of Riveted Joints
2.51 Welded Joints
2.52 Thin Cylindrical and Spherical Shells
2.53 Change in Dimensions of a Thin Cylindrical Shell
2.54 Thin Spherical Shells
2.55 Thick Cylindrical and Spherical Shells
2.56 Direct and Bending Stresses
2.57 Limit of Eccentricity
2.58 Columns and Struts
2.59 Rankine’s Formula for Columns
2.60 Dams and Retaining Walls
2.61 Conditions for Stability of a Dam
2.62 Active Earth Pressure
2.63 Passive Earth Pressure
2.64 Rankine’s Theory for Active Earth Pressure
2.65 Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam
2.66 Critical and Actual Neutral Axis
2.67 Stresses due to Rotation
2.68 Theories of Failure
2.69 Mechanical Properties of Materials
2.70 Stress-Strain Diagram for a Mild Steel Under Tensile Test OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
III: HYDRAULICS & FLUID MECHANICS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Important Terms Used in Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics
3.3 Properties of Liquid
3.4 Pressure of a Liquid
3.5 Pascal’s Law
3.6 Atmospheric Pressure, Gauge Pressure and Absolute Pressure
3.7 Measurement of Pressure
3.8 Total Pressure and Centre of Pressure
3.9 Lock Gates
3.10 Archimedes’ Principle and Buoyancy
3.11 Equilibrium of Floating Bodies
3.12 Metacentre and Metacentric Height
3.13 Fluid Kinematics
3.14 Rate of Discharge
3.15 Equation of Continuity
3.16 Types of Flow Lines
3.17 Continuity Equation for Three Dimensional Flow
3.18 Types of Flows in a Pipe
3.19 Velocity Potential
3.20 Potential Line or Equi-potential Line
3.21 Stream Function
3.22 Flow Net
3.23 Circulation
3.24 Vorticity
3.25 Dynamics of Fluid
3.26 Different Types of Energies or Head of a Liquid in Motion
3.27 Bernoulli’s Equation
3.28 Euler’s Equation
3.29 Venturimeter
3.30 Orifice Meter and Pitot Tube
3.31 Impulse Momentum Equation
3.32 Kinetic Energy Correction Factor
3.33 Momentum Correction Factor
3.34 Orifice and Mouthpiece
3.35 Hydraulic Coefficients
3.36 Important Expressions used in Orifices and Mouthpieces
3.37 Notches and Weirs
3.38 Important Expressions used in Notches and Weirs
3.39 Pipes and Channels
3.40 Loss of Head due to Friction in Pipe
3.41 Hydraulic Gradient and Total Energy Lines
3.42 Pipes in Series or Compound Pipes
3.43 Pipes in Parallel
3.44 Syphon
3.45 Power Transmitted through the Pipe
3.46 Flow through Nozzle at the end of a Pipe
3.47 Water Hammer
3.48 Flow Through Open Channels
3.49 Most Economical Section of a Channel
3.50 Vortex Flow
3.51 Viscous Flow
3.52 Newton’s Law of Viscosity
3.53 Viscous Resistance
3.54 Compressible Flow of Fluids
3.55 Velocity of Sound Wave
3.56 Mach Number and its Importance
3.57 Stagnation Point
3.58 Flow Around Immersed Bodies
3.59 Types of Forces Present in a Moving Liquid
3.60 Dimensionless Numbers OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
IV: HYDRAULIC MACHINES
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Impact of Jets
4.3 Hydraulic Turbines
4.4 Impulse Turbines
4.5 Reaction Turbines
4.6 Draft Tube
4.7 Specific Speed
4.8 Unit Speed, Unit Discharge and Unit Power
4.9 Significance of Unit Speed, Unit Discharge and Unit Power
4.10 Cavitation
4.11 Centrifugal Pumps
4.12 Multistage Centrifugal Pumps
4.13 Specific Speed of Centrifugal Pump
4.14 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
4.15 Model Testing and Similarity of Pumps
4.16 Reciprocating Pump
4.17 Air Vessels
4.18 Miscellaneous Hydraulic Machines OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
V: SURVEYING
5.1 Introduction
5.2 General Classification of Surveys
5.3 Principles of Surveying
5.4 Scales
5.5 Measurement of Distance
5.6 Instruments Used for Chaining
5.7 Error in Length due to Incorrect Chain
5.8 Chaining on Sloping Ground
5.9 Correction for Slope
5.10 Errors in Chaining
5.11 Tape Correction
5.12 Chain Surveying
5.13 Instruments for Setting Out Right Angles
5.14 Obstacles in Chaining
5.15 Traverse Surveying
5.16 Designation of Bearings
5.17 Reduced Bearings
5.18 Fore and Back Bearings
5.19 Local Attraction, Dip and Magnetic Declination
5.20 Theodolite Traversing
5.21 Surveying Telescope
5.22 Measurement of Horizontal Angles, Direct Angles, Deflection Angles and Vertical Angles
5.23 Traverse Survey with a Theodolite
5.24 Traverse Computations
5.25 Balancing the Traverse
5.26 Levelling
5.27 Simple and Differential Levelling
5.28 Reduction of Levels
5.29 Contouring
5.30 Methods of Contouring
5.31 Interpolation of Contours
5.32 Plane Table Surveying
5.33 Methods of Plane Tabling
5.34 Two Point Problem and Three Point Problem
5.35 Curves
5.36 Transition Curves
5.37 Tacheometric Surveying
5.38 Computation of Areas OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
VI: BUILDING MATERIALS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Stones
6.3 Important Building Stones
6.4 Bricks
6.5 Manufacture of Bricks
6.6 Classification of Bricks
6.7 Special Bricks
6.8 Building Tiles
6.9 Lime
6.10 Types of Lime
6.11 Cement
6.12 Testing of Portland Cement
6.13 Mortar and Concrete
6.14 Timber
6.15 Seasoning of Timber
6.16 Defects in Timber
6.17 Paints
6.18 Varnishes
6.19 Lacquers
6.20 Distempers OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
VII: IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of Soil Water
7.3 Terms used in Irrigation
7.4 Base Period, Delta and Duty
7.5 Commanded Areas
7.6 Methods of Distribution of Irrigation Water
7.7 Consumptive Use of Water
7.8 Hydrology
7.9 Hydrological Cycle
7.10 Hydrograph, Hyetograph
7.11 Precipitation
7.12 Average Depth of Precipitation
7.13 Run-off and Catchment
7.14 Estimation of Maximum Flood Discharge
7.15 Irrigation Canals
7.16 Canal Alignment
7.17 Layout of Canal System
7.18 Terms Relating to Canal Section
7.19 Canal Lining
7.20 Kennedy’s Silt Theory
7.21 Lacey’s Theory
7.22 Water Logging
7.23 Canal Regulatory Works
7.24 Regulators
7.25 Escapes
7.26 Canal Falls
7.27 Canal Outlets or Modules
7.28 Canal Head Works
7.29 Weir or Barrage
7.30 Bligh’s Creep Theory
7.31 Khosla’s Theory
7.32 River Training Works
7.33 Types of River Training Works
7.34 Cross-Drainage Works OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
VIII: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Sources of Water
8.3 Yield of a Well
8.4 Quantity of Water
8.5 Forecasting Population
8.6 Quality of Water
8.7 Physical Examination of Water
8.8 Chemical Examination of Water
8.9 Living Organisms in Water
8.10 Biological Tests
8.11 Water Treatment
8.12 Softening of Water
8.13 Distribution of Water
8.14 Water Distribution System
8.15 Methods of Water Distribution System
8.16 Sanitary Engineering
8.17 Terms used in Sanitary Engineering
8.18 Storm Sewage
8.19 Design of Sewers
8.20 Methods of Sanitation
8.21 Sewerage Systems
8.22 Classification of Sewers
8.23 Sewer Joints
8.24 Sewerage Appurtenances
8.25 House Drainage
8.26 Plumbing Systems
8.27 Traps
8.28 Privy
8.29 Sewage Disposal
8.30 Sewage Treatment
8.31 Classification of Sewage Treatment
8.32 Air Pollution
8.33 Pollution Standard Index OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
IX: HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Classification of Roads
9.3 Components of a City Road
9.4 Water Bound Macadam Roads
9.5 Elements of Transportation Cost of Highway
9.6 Various Components of a Road Surface
9.7 Camber
9.8 Superelevation
9.9 Gradient
9.10 Sight Distance
9.11 Curves
9.12 Transition Curve
9.13 Vertical Curves
9.14 Procedure for Fixing Alignment of a Hill Road
9.15 Important Terms Used in Hill Roads
9.16 Classification of Hill Roads
9.17 Geometrics of Hill Road
9.18 Construction of Hill Roads (Retaining Walls, Breast Walls and Parapets)
9.19 Flexible Pavement
9.20 Structure of a Road
9.21 Flexible Pavement Design
9.22 Group Index Method
9.23 California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R) Method
9.24 Concrete Pavements
9.25 Stresses in Concrete Pavements
9.26 Thickness of the Slab
9.27 Joints in Concrete Pavement
9.28 Criteria for Highway Design
9.29 Traffic Engineering
9.30 Traffic Signs
9.31 Traffic Signals
9.32 Types of Signals
9.33 Signal Systems OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
X: RAILWAY ENGINEERING
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Railway Gauges
10.3 Rail Sections
10.4 Length of Rail
10.5 Rail Joints
10.6 Coning of Wheels
10.7 Tilting of Rails
10.8 Hogging of Rails
10.9 Buckling of Rails
10.10 Creep of Rails
10.11 Wear of Rails
10.12 Fish Plates
10.13 Sleepers
10.14 Types of Sleepers
10.15 Sleeper Density
10.16 Ballast
10.17 Railway Fastenings and Fixtures
10.18 Gradient
10.19 Superelevation
10.20 Cant Deficiency
10.21 Negative Superelevation or Cant
10.22 Curves
10.23 Plate Laying
10.24 Railway Station
10.25 Platform
10.26 Railway Yards
10.27 Important Terms Used in Rails
10.28 Points and Crossings
10.29 Crossings
10.30 Track Junctions
10.31 Signalling
10.32 Signalling System
10.33 Interlocking OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
XI: SOIL MECHANICS & FOUNDATION
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Properties of Fine Grained Soil
11.3 Three Phase System of Soil
11.4 Technical Terms used in Soil Mechanics
11.5 Important Relationships Between Soil Parameters
11.6 Determination of Properties of Soils
11.7 Sensitivity of Clays
11.8 Soil Structure
11.9 Permeability
11.10 Seepage Pressure
11.11 Flow Lines and Equipotential Lines
11.12 Exit Gradient
11.13 Stress Conditions in Soil
11.14 Compressibility and Consolidation
11.15 Coefficient of Compressibility
11.16 Coefficient of Consolidation
11.17 Degree of Consolidation
11.18 Shear Strength of Soils
11.19 Angle of Internal Friction
11.20 Coulomb’s Law
11.21 Earth Pressure
11.22 Coefficient of Earth Pressure
11.23 Active Earth Pressure of Cohesive Soils
11.24 Foundations
11.25 Bearing Capacity of Soil
11.26 Terzaghi’s Analysis OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
XII: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Types of Foundations
12.3 Types of Shallow Foundations
12.4 Foundations for Black Cotton Soils
12.5 Types of Deep Foundations
12.6 Classification of Piles
12.7 Pile Driving
12.8 Coffer Dams
12.9 Caissons
12.10 Design of Shallow Foundations
12.11 Damp-proofing
12.12 Cavity Wall
12.13 Scaffolding
12.14 Shoring
12.15 Underpinning
12.16 Stone Masonry
12.17 Classification of Stone Masonry
12.18 Brick Masonry
12.19 Bonds in Brick Work
12.20 Retaining Walls and Breast Walls
12.21 Partition Wall
12.22 Flooring
12.23 Stairs
12.24 Arches
12.25 Classification of Arches
12.26 Doors and Windows
12.27 Types of Doors and Windows
12.28 Roofs
12.29 Technical Terms Used in Pitched Roofs
12.30 Types of Pitched Roofs OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
XIII: CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Properties of Concrete
13.3 Classification of Concrete
13.4 Functions of Ingredients of Cement
13.5 Composition of Cement Clinker
13.6 Setting and Hardening of Cement
13.7 Types of Cements
13.8 Testing of Portland Cement
13.9 Aggregate
13.10 Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Aggregate
13.11 Properties of Aggregate
13.12 Bulking of Sand
13.13 Deleterious Materials in Aggregates
13.14 Fineness Modulus
13.15 Water
13.16 Admixtures
13.17 Water Cement Ratio
13.18 Workability
13.19 Measurement of Workability
13.20 Concrete Grades
13.21 Methods of Proportioning Concrete
13.22 Storing of Ingredients of Concrete
13.23 Production of Concrete
13.24 Stripping of Forms OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
XIV: REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURES
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Assumptions in R.C.C. Beam Design
14.3 Direct Tension and Compression in Concrete
14.4 Design of R.C.C. Structures
14.5 Design of Singly Reinforced Beams
14.6 Types of Beam Sections
14.7 Shear Stress in Reinforced Beams
14.8 Bond Stress
14.9 Doubly Reinforced Section
14.10 T-beam
14.11 Columns
14.12 Slabs
14.13 Reinforcement in Slabs
14.14 Bending Moment in Slabs
14.15 Two Ways Slabs
14.16 Flat Slab
14.17 Circular Slab
14.18 Ribbed, Hollow Block or Voided Slab
14.19 Foundations
14.20 Design of Shallow Foundations
14.21 Design of Deep Foundations
14.22 Retaining Walls
14.23 Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls
14.24 Staircase
14.25 Prestressed Concrete
14.26 Losses in Prestressing
14.27 Analysis of Prestress
14.28 Concept of Load Balancing
14.29 Ultimate Load Theory or Load Factor Method of R.C.C. Design OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
XV: STEEL STRUCTURES DESIGN
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Structural Steel Sections
15.3 Important Terms
15.4 Riveted Joints
15.5 Assumption in the Theory of Riveted Joints
15.6 Failures of a Riveted Joint
15.7 Eccentric Riveted Connections
15.8 Welded Joints
15.9 Compression Members
15.10 Euler’s Formula
15.11 Angle Iron Struts
15.12 Compression Member Composed of Two Components Back-to-Back
15.13 Lacing and Battening for Built-up Columns
15.14 Batten Plates
15.15 Perforated Plates
15.16 Eccentrically Loaded Column
15.17 Column Splice
15.18 Column Bases
15.19 Tension Members
15.20 Net Sectional Area
15.21 Design of Axially Loaded Tension Member
15.22 Tension Member Subjected to Bending
15.23 Tension Splice
15.24 Lug Angle
15.25 Beams
15.26 Design Considerations of a Beam
15.27 Design of Beams
15.28 Built-up Beams
15.29 Lintels
15.30 Jack Arch Roofs
15.31 Beam and Column Connections
15.32 Plate Girder
15.33 Design of a Plate Girder OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
XVI: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Functions of Construction Management
16.3 Classification of Construction Works
16.4 Construction Stages
16.5 Construction Team
16.6 Resources in a Construction Project
16.7 Construction Planning
16.8 Construction Scheduling
16.9 Organisation
16.10 Principles of Organisation
16.11 Methods of Planning and Scheduling
16.12 Bar Chart or Gantt Chart
16.13 Milestone Chart
16.14 Network Planning and Scheduling (NWPS)
16.15 Terms used in Network Planning Methods
16.16 Critical Path Method (CPM)
16.17 Programme Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
XVII: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
17.1 Introduction
17.2 General Geology
17.3 Petrology
17.4 Engineering Geology
17.5 Indian Geology
17.6 Our Solar System
17.7 Parts of the Earth
17.8 Earth’s Crust
17.9 Interior of the Earth
17.10 Palaeontology
17.11 Mineralogy
17.12 Physical Properties of a Mineral
17.13 Physical Properties of Some Important Minerals
17.14 Petrology
17.15 Rocks
17.16 Igneous Rocks
17.17 Classification of Igneous Rocks
17.18 Engineering Properties of Igneous Rocks
17.19 Description of Igneous Rocks
17.20 Sedimentary Rocks
17.21 Classification of Sedimentary Rocks
17.22 Description of Sedimentary Rocks
17.23 Metamorphic Rocks
17.24 Metamorphism
17.25 Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
17.26 Description of Metamorphic Rocks
17.27 Physical Geology
17.28 Rock Weathering
17.29 Engineering Importance of Rock Weathering
17.30 Geological Work of Wind
17.31 Structural Geology
17.32 Important Terms Used in Structural Geology
17.33 Field Geology
17.34 Hydrology
17.35 Hydrologic Cycle
17.36 Earth Movements and Volcanic Activities
17.37 Earthquakes
17.38 Earthquake Problems in India
17.39 Engineering Considerations of Earthquakes
17.40 Landslides
17.41 Volcanoes
17.42 Products of Eruption
17.43 Civil Engineering Geology
17.44 Road Metals
17.45 Building Stones
17.46 Physiography of India
17.47 Physiographic Divisions of India
17.48 Mountains
17.49 Indian mountains
17.50 Valleys
17.51 Indian Lakes
1752 Stratigraphy of India
17.53 The Archaean System
17.54 The Dharwar System
17.55 The Cuddapah System
17.56 The Vindhyan System
17.57 The Cambrian System
17.58 The Gondwana System
17.59 Coal
17.60 Petroleum OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Key Features of this Book:
Over 5000 Objective Questions with Hints
At the end of each chapter, you will find the solutions to these questions.
Ultimately, this book aims to fulfill the needs of engineering students and gain recognition from educators.
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